Unforeseen consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: Increased frequency of kite-string injuries in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Abstract Kite flying is a popular hobby and sport for children adults. Despite being illegal in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, the use of abrasive threads remains widespread poses health risk to both humans animals. In this study, we analysed records 462 magnificent frigatebirds ( Fregata magnificens ) submitted rehabilitation centres or found dead along southern coast state from October 2016 August 2020. Of these, 244 individuals (52.8%) presented wing lesions consistent with kite-string injury, which can have critical impact on ability fly will ultimately cause their death. Even when veterinary care provided, only small proportion (2%) fully recover order be released back wild. 2020, an atypical increase number injuries (~1,200% compared other years) was noted weeks following suspension school activities commerce response COVID-19 pandemic. The kitestring recorded given week positively correlated internet searches kite-related terms, also peaked during quarantine period This illustrates how pandemic events may aggravate existing human-wildlife conflicts, preparedness plans need incorporate measures help communities cope boredom isolation ways that do not negatively welfare conservation wildlife.